Red Hat Enterprise Linux Not to be confused with Fedora Linux or Red Hat Linux. ever, nowhere on its site or in its literature does Red Hat say what AS, ES and WS stand for. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a Linux distri- In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 there are new edi- bution developed by Red Hat and targeted toward the tions that substitute former Red Hat Enterprise Linux commercial market. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is re- AS/ES/WS/Desktop:[8][9] leased in server versions for x86, x86-64, Itanium, Pow- erPC and IBM System z, and desktop versions for x86 and • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform (for- x86-64. All of the Red Hat’s official support and training, mer AS) together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform. Red Hat En- • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (former ES) (limited to terprise Linux is often abbreviated to RHEL, although two CPUs) this is not an official designation.[4] • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop with Worksta- The first version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux to bear the tion and Multi-OS option name originally came onto the market as “Red Hat Linux Advanced Server”. In 2003 Red Hat rebranded Red Hat • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop with Worksta- Linux Advanced Server to “Red Hat Enterprise Linux tion option (former WS) AS”, and added two more variants, Red Hat Enterprise • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop with Multi-OS Linux ES and Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS. option Red Hat uses strict trademark rules to restrict free re- distribution of their officially supported versions of Red • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop (former Desk- Hat Enterprise Linux,[5] but still freely provides its source top) code. Third-party derivatives can be built and redis- tributed by stripping away non-free components like Red Red Hat had also announced its Red Hat Global Desktop Hat’s trademarks, including community-supported distri- Linux edition “for emerging markets".[10] butions like CentOS and Scientific Linux, and commer- RHEL 4, 3, and prior releases had four variants: cial forks like Oracle Linux, which aim to offer 100% binary compatibility with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS for mission- critical/enterprise computer systems. 1 Variants • Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES for supported network servers Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server subscription is avail- able at no cost for development purposes.[6] Developers • Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS for technical power need to register for the Red Hat Developer Program and user enterprise desktops for high-performance com- agree to licensing terms forbidding production use. This puting free developer subscription was announced on March 31, • Red Hat Desktop for multiple deployments of 2016. single-user desktops for enterprises. There are also “Academic” editions of the Desktop and Server variants. They are offered to schools and stu- dents, are less expensive, and are provided with Red 2 Relationship with Fedora Hat technical support as an optional extra. Web support based on number of customer contacts can be purchased Originally, Red Hat sold support for versions of Red Hat separately.[7] Linux (Red Hat Linux Enterprise Edition 6.2E was es- It is often assumed the branding ES, AS, and WS stand sentially a version of Red Hat Linux 6.2/7 with different for “Entry-level Server”, “Advanced Server” and “Work support levels.)[11] Starting with RHEL 2.1 AS in 2002, Station”, respectively. The reason for this is that the ES Red Hat sold their first version of RHEL. It was based product is indeed the company’s base enterprise server on Red Hat Linux, but used a much more conservative product, while AS is the more advanced product. How- release cycle. Later versions included technologies from 1 2 3 REBUILDS the Red Hat–sponsored Fedora community distribution 3 Rebuilds project. Red Hat Enterprise Linux release schedules do not follow that of Fedora (around 6 months per release) but are more conservative (2 years or more). Main article: Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives Fedora serves as upstream for future versions of RHEL. RHEL trees are forked off the Fedora repository, and re- Originally, Red Hat’s enterprise product, then known as leased after a substantial stabilization and quality assur- Red Hat Linux, was made freely available to anybody who ance effort.[12] For example, RHEL 6 was forked from wished to download it, while Red Hat made money from Fedora at the end of 2009 (approximately at the time of support. Red Hat then moved towards splitting its product the Fedora 12 release) and released more or less together line into Red Hat Enterprise Linux which was designed to with Fedora 14. By the time RHEL 6 was released, many be stable and with long-term support for enterprise users features from Fedora 13 and 14 had already been back- and Fedora as the community distribution and project ported into it. The Fedora Project lists the following lin- sponsored by Red Hat. The use of trademarks prevents eages for older Red Hat Enterprise releases:[12] verbatim copying of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux is based completely on • Red Hat Linux 6.2/7 → Red Hat Linux Enterprise free and open source software, Red Hat makes avail- Edition 6.2E able the complete source code to its enterprise distribu- tion through its FTP site to anybody who wants it. Ac- • Red Hat Linux 7.2 → Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 cordingly, several groups have taken this source code and compiled their own versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, • Red Hat Linux 10 beta 1 → Red Hat Enterprise typically with the only changes being the removal of any Linux 3 references to Red Hat’s trademarks and pointing the up- • Fedora Core 3 → Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 date systems to non-Red Hat servers. Groups which have undertaken this include CentOS (the 8th most pop- • Fedora Core 6 → Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 ular Linux distribution as of November 2011),[15] Oracle Linux, Scientific Linux, White Box Enterprise Linux, • Fedora 12, 13 → Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6[12] StartCom Enterprise Linux, Pie Box Enterprise Linux, X/OS, Lineox, and Bull's XBAS for high-performance • Fedora 19, 20 → Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7[13] computing.[16] All provide a free mechanism for applying updates without paying a service fee to the distributor. (Note about Fedora Core 1 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Rebuilds of Red Hat Enterprise Linux are free but do not 3: Red Hat released Red Hat Linux 10 beta 1, then took get any commercial support or consulting services from two forks from that codebase to seed both Fedora Core 1 Red Hat and lack any software, hardware or security cer- and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 beta releases. There was tifications. Also, the rebuilds do not get access to Red some cross-pollination between the two up until shortly Hat services like Red Hat Network. before the first production RHEL 3 release. Therefore, both FC1 and RHEL3 came from a common fork of Unusually, Red Hat took steps to obfuscate their changes RHL10beta1.) to the Linux kernel for 6.0 by not publicly providing the patch files for their changes in the source tarball, and only In addition, the Fedora project includes Extra Packages releasing the finished product in source form. Specu- for Enterprise Linux (EPEL), a community-provided lation suggested that the move was made to affect Ora- set of packages for RHEL going beyond the ones that cle’s competing rebuild and support services, which fur- Red Hat selected for inclusion in its supported dis- ther modifies the distribution. This practice however, still tribution. The Fedora project provides the following complies with the GNU GPL since source code is defined explanation:[14] as "[the] preferred form of the work for making mod- ifications to it”, and the distribution still complies with Both Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux this definition.[17] Red Hat’s CTO Brian Stevens later con- are open source. Fedora is a free distribution firmed the change, stating that certain information (such and community project and upstream for Red as patch information) would now only be provided to pay- Hat Enterprise Linux. Fedora is a general pur- ing customers to make the Red Hat product more compet- pose system that gives Red Hat and the rest of itive against the growing number of companies offering its contributor community the chance to inno- support for products based on RHEL. CentOS developers vate rapidly with new technologies. Red Hat had no objections to the change since they do not make Enterprise Linux is a commercial enterprise any changes to the kernel beyond what is provided by Red operating system and has its own set of test Hat.[18] Their competitor Oracle announced in November phases including alpha and beta releases which 2012 that they were releasing a RedPatch service, which are separate and distinct from Fedora develop- allows public view of the RHEL kernel changes, broken ment. down by patch.[19][20] 5.3 RHEL 4 3 4 Related products and add-ons 5.3 RHEL 4 See also: Commercial products based on Red Hat • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (Nahant), 15 February Enterprise Linux 2005, uses Linux kernel 2.6.9-5[22] • 4.1, also termed Update 1, 8 June 2005 (kernel A number of commercial vendors use Red Hat Enterprise 2.6.9-11) Linux as a base for the operating system in their products. • 4.2, also termed Update 2, 5 October 2005 Two of the best known are the Console Operating System (kernel 2.6.9-22) in VMware ESX Server and Oracle Linux respin. • 4.3, also termed Update 3, 12 March 2006 Third-party RPM packages for Red Hat Enterprise (kernel 2.6.9-34) Linux, CentOS, and Scientific Linux can be downloaded from RepoForge (formerly RPMforge),[21] an alliance of • 4.4, also termed Update 4, 10 August 2006 developers who previously had separate distribution sites (kernel 2.6.9-42) (similar to the RPM Fusion merger). • 4.5, also termed Update 5, 1 May 2007 (kernel 2.6.9-55) • 4.6, also termed Update 6, 15 November 2007 5 Version history (kernel 2.6.9-67) • 4.7, also termed Update 7, 29 July 2008 (ker- 5.1 RHEL 2.1 nel 2.6.9-78) • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 AS (Pensacola), 26 • 4.8, also termed Update 8, 19 May 2009 (ker- March 2002, uses Linux kernel 2.4.9-e.3[22] nel 2.6.9-89) • Update 1, 14 February 2003 (kernel 2.4.9- • 4.9, also termed Update 9, 16 February 2011 e.12) (kernel 2.6.9-100) • Update 2, 29 May 2003 (kernel 2.4.9-e.24) • Update 3, 19 December 2003 (kernel 2.4.9- 5.4 RHEL 5 e.34) • Update 4, 21 April 2004 (kernel 2.4.9-e.40) • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (Tikanga), 14 March • Update 5, 18 August 2004 (kernel 2.4.9-e.49) 2007, uses Linux kernel 2.6.18-8[22] • Update 6, 13 December 2004 (kernel 2.4.9- • 5.1, also termed Update 1, 7 November 2007 e.57) (kernel 2.6.18-53) • Update 7, 28 April 2005[23] • 5.2, also termed Update 2, 21 May 2008 (ker- • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 ES (Panama), May nel 2.6.18-92) 2003 • 5.3, also termed Update 3, 20 January 2009 (kernel 2.6.18-128) 5.2 RHEL 3 • 5.4, also termed Update 4, 2 September 2009 (kernel 2.6.18-164) • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (Taroon), 22 October • 5.5, also termed Update 5, 30 March 2010 2003, uses Linux kernel 2.4.21-4[22] (kernel 2.6.18-194) • Update 1, 16 January 2004 (kernel 2.4.21-9) • 5.6, also termed Update 6, 13 January 2011 • Update 2, 12 May 2004 (kernel 2.4.21-15) (kernel 2.6.18-238) • Update 3, 3 September 2004 (kernel 2.4.21- • 5.7, also termed Update 7, 21 July 2011 (ker- 20) nel 2.6.18-274) • Update 4, 12 December 2004 (kernel 2.4.21- • 5.8, also termed Update 8, 20 February 2012 27) (kernel 2.6.18-308) • Update 5, 18 May 2005 (kernel 2.4.21-32) • 5.9, also termed Update 9, 7 January 2013 • Update 6, 28 September 2005 (kernel 2.4.21- (kernel 2.6.18-348) 37) • 5.10, also termed Update 10, 1 October 2013 • Update 7, 17 March 2006 (kernel 2.4.21-40) (kernel 2.6.18-371) • Update 8, 20 July 2006 (kernel 2.4.21-47) • 5.11, also termed Update 11, 16 September • Update 9, 15 June 2007 (kernel 2.4.21-50) 2014 (kernel 2.6.18-398) 4 7 REFERENCES 5.5 RHEL 6 are provided and support for new hardware is gradually reduced.[31] Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 was forked from Fedora 12 In the last years of the support lifecycle (after seven years and contains many backported features from Fedora 13 for the version 4 and earlier, or after 10 years for the ver- and 14. sion 5 and later), critical and security-related fixes are only provided to customers who pay an additional sub- • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (Santiago), 10 Novem- scription (“Extended Lifecycle Support Add-On”) that is ber 2010, uses Linux kernel 2.6.32-71[22] available for versions 3, 4 and 5, and covers a limited number of packages.[32] • 6.1, also termed Update 1, 19 May 2011 (ker- nel 2.6.32-131) • 6.2, also termed Update 2, 6 December 2011 6.1 Kernel backporting (kernel 2.6.32-220) • 6.3, also termed Update 3, 20 June 2012 (ker- To maintain a stable application binary interface (ABI), nel 2.6.32-279) Red Hat does not update the kernel version, but instead backports new features to the same kernel version with • 6.4, also termed Update 4, 21 February 2013 which a particular version of RHEL has been released. (kernel 2.6.32-358) New features are backported throughout the Production • 6.5, also termed Update 5, 21 November 2013 1 phase of the RHEL lifecycle.[36] Consequently, RHEL (kernel 2.6.32-431) may use a Linux kernel with a dated version number, • 6.6, also termed Update 6, 13 October 2014 yet the kernel is up-to-date regarding not only security (kernel 2.6.32-504) fixes, but also certain features.[37] One specific example • 6.7, also termed Update 7, 22 July 2015 (ker- is the SO_REUSEPORT socket option which was added nel 2.6.32-573) to Linux kernel 3.9, and was subsequently backported and became available since RHEL 6.5, which uses ver- • 6.8, also termed Update 8, 10 May 2016 (ker- sion 2.6.32 of the Linux kernel.[38][39][40] nel 2.6.32-642) 5.6 RHEL 7 7 References Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (Maipo) is based on Fedora [1] “Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems”. the 19, upstream Linux kernel 3.10, systemd 208, and Free Software Foundation. Retrieved March 13, 2011. GNOME 3.8 (rebased to GNOME 3.14 in RHEL 7.2).[24][25] The first beta was announced on 11 December [2] Red Hat Press Releases at the Wayback Machine 2013,[13][26] and a release candidate was made available (archived March 4, 2001) on 15 April 2014.[27] On 10 June 2014 Red Hat Enter- [3] “Supported Architectures”. Retrieved 2010-11-21. prise Linux 7 was officially released.[28] [4] “Tips and tricks: How do I properly refer to Red Hat • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 (Maipo), 10 June Enterprise Linux 2.1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, Red 2014, uses Linux kernel 3.10.0-123[22] Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 in documentation and when conversing with fellow users • 7.1, also termed Update 1, 5 March 2015 (ker- and customers?". redhatmagazine.com. 2008-02-04. Re- nel 3.10.0-229)[29] trieved 2008-06-25. • 7.2, also termed Update 2, 19 November 2015 [5] “ESR: “We Don't Need the GPL Anymore"". on- (kernel 3.10.0-327)[30] lamp.com. Retrieved 2008-03-04. [6] “Downloads : Red Hat Developers”. Red Hat. Retrieved 3 June 2016. 6 Product life cycle [7] “Enterprise Linux Academic Subscriptions”. Red Hat. The life cycle of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is at least Retrieved 2014-06-23. seven years for versions 3 and 4, while it spans at least 10 [8] “Moving to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5”. Red Hat. years for more recent versions 5, 6 and 7. The life cycle Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved comprises several phases of varying length with different 2009-12-02. degrees of support. During the first phase (“Production 1”), Red Hat provides full support and updates software [9] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Version Comparison and hardware drivers. In later phases (“Production 2” and Chart”. Red Hat. Archived from the original on 2010- “Production 3”) only security and other important fixes 01-05. Retrieved 2009-12-02.  5 [10] “Red_Hat_Global_Desktop_Linux:_The_Best_Kept_Secret?". [33] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux Errata Support Policy”. Red linuxtoday.com. Retrieved 2008-03-04. Hat. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Re- trieved 2012-08-11. [11] “Fedora project wiki, History of Red Hat Linux”. fedo- raproject.org. Retrieved 2010-05-23. [34] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 - End Of Life”. Red Hat. Retrieved 2010-01-12. [12] “Fedora project wiki, Red Hat Enterprise Linux History”. fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 2010-06-08. [35] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates”. Red Hat. Re- trieved 2015-09-30. [13] “Red Hat Announces Availability of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Beta”. Red Hat. 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013- [36] “What is backporting and how does it affect Red Hat En- 12-11. terprise Linux (RHEL)?". Retrieved 12 May 2016. (sub- scription required (help)). [14] “Fedora project wiki, the difference between Fedora and RHEL”. fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 2010-05-23. [37] “Why does Red Hat Linux use such an old kernel?". stack- exchange.com. [15] “Linux Distributions - Facts and Figures”. dis- trowatch.com. Retrieved 2008-03-04. [38] “SO_REUSEPORT on linux”. StackOverflow.com. Re- trieved 12 May 2016. [16] “SLURM at CEA” (PDF). [39] “Backport SO_REUSEPORT patch from kernel 3.9+ to [17] “Controversy surrounds Red Hat’s “obfuscated” source help support haproxy graceful restart”. Retrieved 12 May code release”. The H. Retrieved 12 March 2011. 2016. (subscription required (help)). [18] “Red Hat defends changes to kernel source distribution”. [40] “Which RHEL version supports the SO_REUSEPORT The H. Retrieved 12 March 2011. socket option?". Red Hat. (subscription required (help)). [19] Neil McAllister (12 Nov 2012). “Oracle: Get your Red Hat Linux patches from us, it’s easier. New service lets public browse kernel fixes”. The Register. Retrieved 1 8 Further reading August 2014. [20] “Project: RedPatch”. oss.oracle.com. Retrieved 2014-08- • Jang, Michael H. (2007). RHCE Red Hat Certified 04. Engineer Linux Study Guide (RHEL 5). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-226454-8. [21] “RepoForge”. Retrieved 8 February 2016. [22] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux Updates and Related Kernel • Ghori, Asghar (2009). Red Hat Certified Technician Versions”. Red Hat. Retrieved 2012-05-16. & Engineer (RHEL 5). Reston: Global Village Pub- lishing. ISBN 978-1-61584-430-2. [23] “redhat-release-as-2.1AS-121.src.rpm”. Red Hat. Re- trieved 2012-05-16. • Fox, Tammy (2007). Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Administration Unleashed. Indianapolis, Ind.: [24] “RHEL 7 released!!! New version of Red Hat distro...”. Sams. ISBN 978-0-672-32892-3. OCLC [25] “What’s Coming in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2?". Re- 137291425. trieved 8 February 2016. • McCarty, Bill (2004). Learning Red Hat Enterprise [26] “2013 Red Hat Summit”. See for example this Linux and Fedora. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly. ISBN presentation 978-0-596-00589-4. OCLC 55130915. [27] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Candidate Now • Negus, Christopher (2008). Fedora 9 and Red Hat Available”. redhat.com. 2014-04-15. Retrieved 2014- Enterprise Linux Bible. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley. 04-27. ISBN 978-0-470-37362-0. OCLC 222155845. [28] “Red Hat Unveils Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7”. red- • Sobell, Mark G. (2008). Practical Guide to Fe- hat.com. 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2014-06-10. dora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Upper Saddle [29] “redhat-release enhancement update for Red Hat Enter- River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-714295- prise Linux 7.1”. 8. OCLC 216616647. [30] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2 now available”. Red Hat, • Collings, Terry (2005). Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Inc. 2015-11-19. Retrieved 2015-11-19. For Dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0- [31] “Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle”. Ac- 7645-7713-0. OCLC 58973830. cess.redhat.com. Retrieved 2015-01-20. • Petersen, Richard (2005). Red Hat Enterprise Linux [32] “Enterprise Linux Extended Lifecycle Support Add-On”. & Fedora Core 4: The Complete Reference. London: Red Hat. Archived from the original on February 24, McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-226154-7. OCLC 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-12. 62293551. 6 9 EXTERNAL LINKS 9 External links • Official website • Brian Stevens, CTO and vice president of engineer- ing, Red Hat on why Red Hat Enterprise Linux is “The Business OS for Flexibility and Value” • Red Hat Enterprise Linux at DistroWatch  7 10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 10.1 Text • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux?oldid=742365106 Contributors: Johan Dahlin, SimonP, Lexor, Norm, Nixdorf, Greenman, KAMiKAZOW, Typhoon, Julesd, Emperorbma, Greenrd, Ewald, Pedant17, Furrykef, Joy, Dmytro, Robbot, Hankwang, Chealer, Nurg, Roozbeh, Mattflaschen, Alerante, Brouhaha, Reub2000, Jpp, Pamri, Beland, Oknaze- vad, EagleOne, Mark McLoughlin, Alireza~enwiki, Scrool, Jayjg, Rich Farmbrough, Liso, Pmsyyz, Samboy, Dafydd~enwiki, Gronky, Ylai, Bender235, Evice, Chungy, Thu, Shnout, Srippon, Mrzaius, TheParanoidOne, Munchkinguy, Demi, Blobglob, LFaraone, TerminalPreppie, Kenyon, Daranz, Poppafuze, Baddog, Beej, Cbdorsett, GregorB, Jugger90, Toussaint, LinkTiger, Kesla, Graham87, Yuriybrisk, BD2412, Kbdank71, Yurik, Reisio, Koavf, Ricmarques, FlaBot, Samuraid, Jehb, WikiWikiPhil, Abrs, Pza, Hawaiian717, Todd Vierling, Mikemac- cana, Conscious, Fsolda~enwiki, Gardar Rurak, Yuhong, Probell, Darkmeerkat, Froth, Bota47, Jeremy Visser, PanchoS, Tigalch, Rfsmit, ViperSnake151, Mk2337~enwiki, SmackBot, Henriok, Ariedartin, Angelstorm, Holon67, Arny, Gilliam, JorgePeixoto, Amux, DStoykov, Riaanvn, Thumperward, King Arthur6687, DHN-bot~enwiki, JGXenite, Frap, OrphanBot, Njmike, Cybercobra, JonathanWakely, Luís Felipe Braga, Mike Richardson, SashatoBot, Tanadeau, Vincenzo.romano, Disavian, Rythie, Gang65, Hvn0413, RyJones, Placatedmay- hem, Tomraider, Sflory, CapitalR, Davidbspalding, HDCase, Raysonho, Xose.vazquez, Mikebrand, Yukoba~enwiki, Asenine, FastLizard4, Kozuch, Onekopaka, Roxbury-de, Rocket000, Jamesjiao, Vanished user 07, Davidhorman, Mlogic, Dawnseeker2000, Guy Macon, Marokwitz, Olexandr Kravchuk, Isilanes, Bailmoney27, Arifsaha, Kaobear, NapoliRoma, Wilee, Estherschindler, Rhalden, SlamDiego, ChrisKurtz, Gwern, MartinBot, Jsbillings, Fatka, Startcom, Nikwa, Flyingstar16, AntiSpamBot, DorganBot, Tolstoy143, ManoloKosh, VolkovBot, AlnoktaBOT, Qxz, Martin451, Gskuse, Tpk5010, Ttennebkram, Milan Keršláger, RiverStyx23, Malus Catulus, Vladsinger, Andy Dingley, Ccashell, Hansee~enwiki, LittleBenW, Floomby, EmxBot, OsamaK, Roadrunner gs, SieBot, Chimin 07, Ishvara7, Mi- lan Kerslager, Jerryobject, Bentogoa, Michael963, Nopetro, Chris Archer, Qji, Martarius, Yaleks, Alksentrs, Kl4m-AWB, Jalanpalmer, Alexbot, Coralmizu, Muhandes, SF007, DumZiBoT, Nnewton, Vanished user ijenqwkjnvi3ij4htnasjh239j092nf, Dsimic, Addbot, Grand- scribe, , Scientus, BepBot, SpBot, Balabiot, Yobot, CFeyecare, Koman90, AnomieBOT, DemocraticLuntz, Jim1138, Lkt1126, ArthurBot, Xqbot, Genesiss.eu, Tianyamm2, Uniwersalista, Ace111, Shusseina, K;;m5m k;;m5m, John linuxuser, Jcg1541, FrescoBot, GarenParham, Meton magis, StaticVision, Winterst, FranklinPiat, Skyerise, Jwarnier, Lars Washington, Persian knight shiraz, 777sms, Kechambe, PaulFrields, Thomascameron, EmausBot, Ca1ek, Jsdustin, Werieth, Kkm010, ZéroBot, Gordan.bobic, Whiteguru, WxVolatile, KuduIO, Avidanborisov, Rostz, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, MichalKJP, Jswf, Tabletrack, Dfrg msc, Fluoros jp, Helpful Pixie Bot, Acharyapsn, Tholme, Matthewkurowski, BG19bot, Blackpeadharman, Compfreak7, Dreambeaver, Lscrew, Cyberbot II, Projectaubergine, Raindr, Dexbot, Rezonansowy, CCC2012, Bobning, Eepeex, Hatas, Comp.arch, ScotXW, Chai-alice, GbDorn, Meiguoren us, Strikerttd, JeroenED, KH-1, JMP EAX, KasparBot, P4p4 n0eL, Prwehatlinux, Qbarnes, Transfat0g, Ipsrsolution, GreenC bot, Libovemaso, Michael Reed and Anonymous: 292 10.2 Images • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu- tors: ? 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