COMMENTS
v. 14.0 – 7 March 2022 view/download PDF
Subfamily PSEUDASPININAE
3 genera · 24 species/subspecies
Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski 1889 oreo-, mountain, referring to distribution in short upland streams that drain southern slopes of Tanny-Ula and Hangayin (Hangay), and northen slopes of the Mongolian Altai mountain ranges; leuciscus, possibly referring to similarity to and/or perceived affinity with European Leuciscus, or possibly used as a generic suffix for dace (hence English vernacular, “mountain daces”)
Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Bogutskaya 2001 angustus, narrow; cephalus, head, referring to long, narrow neurocranium
Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Dsapchyn (also spelled Dsabchyn) River, northwestern Mongolia, type locality
Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski 1889 low, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to low body compared to known congeners at time of description
Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) in honor of Grigory Nikolayaevich Potanin (1835-1920), Russian explorer of Inner Asia, who collected type
Pseudaspius Dybowski 1869 pseudo-, false, i.e., although this genus may superficially resemble Aspius (which also has a wedge-shaped head), such an appearance is false
Pseudaspius brandtii brandtii (Dybowski 1872) patronym not identified but probably in honor of German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879)
Pseudaspius brandtii maruta (Sakai & Amano 2014) traditional local name for this subspecies in the Kanto District, Japan
Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Hakone, Japan, type locality
Pseudaspius leptocephalus (Pallas 1776) leptos, thin; cephalus, head, referring to wedge-shaped head
Pseudaspius nakamurai (Doi & Shinzawa 2000) in honor of Morizumi Nakamura (1914-1998), for his contribution to our knowledge of the classification of Japanese cyprinid fishes
Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Saghalin Island, Russia, where it is endemic
Rhynchocypris Günther 1889 rhynchus, snout, referring to “conically protruding snout”; cypris, a small carp, a common suffix for cyprinoid genera, although Günther may have used the suffix to reflect his belief that the genus “seems to come nearer to some of the small North-American members of Cyprinina than to any of the Old-World forms”
Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) patronym not identified, probably in honor of Dybowski’s Polish colleague, geologist and Siberian explorer Aleksander Czekanowski (1833-1876)
Rhynchocypris dementjevi (Turdakov & Piskarev 1954) in honor of recently deceased ichthyologist Petr Petrovich Dementiev, who worked in Kyrgystan (type locality)
Rhynchocypris deogyuensis Lee & Sim 2017 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Deogyusan National Park, South Korea, where it occurs
Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977) referring to Kumgangsan, a mountain on the west coast of North Korea, near a stream where it was collected (and described but not named) by Uchida in the 1930s [often recorded as R. kumgangensis (Kim 1980), which appears to be a junior synonym]
Rhynchocypris lagowskii lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) patronym not identified, probably in honor of Siberian revolutionary Mikhail Fedorovich Lagowski (1856-1903)
Rhynchocypris lagowskii chorensis (Rendahl 1928) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Chor River, Ussuri River drainage, Russia, type locality
Rhynchocypris lagowskii yamamotis (Jordan & Hubbs 1925) -is, genitive singular of: Senzi Yamamoto, Imperial University of Kyoto, who helped Jordan acquire specimens from Japanese fish markets
Rhynchocypris mantschuricus (Berg 1907) Manchurian, historical name for northeast Asia, where Amur River basin (China), type locality, is situated
Rhynchocypris oxycephalus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) oxy, sharp; cephalus, head, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to fleshy snout that protrudes beyond premaxilla
Rhynchocypris oxycephalus jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901) in honor of American naturalist, ethnographer and collector Pierre Louis Jouy (1856-1894), who collected type
Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) etymology not explained; name was published as both percnurus and perenurus, the difference presumably due to a typographical error, but percnurus appears to be the intended name since it translates (percnos, eagle; oura, tailed, allusion not evident) whereas perenurus does not
Rhynchocypris sachalinensis (Berg 1907) –ensis, suffix denoting place: southern Sakhalin Island, Russia, where it is endemic
Rhynchocypris semotilus (Jordan & Starks 1905) marked, referring to spot at dorsal fin base
Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834-1919)
Subfamily LEUCISCINAE European Minnows
38 genera · 327 species/subspecies
Abramis Cuvier 1816 ancient Greek for bream or mullet
Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) derived from abramis, ancient Greek for bream or mullet
Acanthobrama Heckel 1843 acanthos, thorn or spine, referring to thickened, spine-like last unbranched dorsal fin ray; brama, derived from abramis, ancient Greek for bream or mullet, i.e., a “spiny bream”
Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel 1843 centum, hundred; squama, scale, referring to 100 scales on lateral line of holotype (ranges from 90 to 100 on specimens examined since description)
Acanthobrama hadiyahensis Coad, Alkahem & Behnke 1983 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Wadi Hadiyah, near Hadiyah, Saudi Arabia, type locality
Acanthobrama lissneri Tortonese 1952 in honor of the late Helmut Lissner (1895-1951), a “keen ichthyologist who greatly furthered the investigations on the fishes of Lake Tiberias” (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, type locality
Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843 Arabic vernacular for this species
Acanthobrama microlepis (De Filippi 1863) micro-, small; lepis, scale, “Squamae exiguae,” with 82 along the lateral line
Acanthobrama orontis Heckel 1843 latinization of Orontes, river basin in Turkey, where Lake Antioch (or Amik), type locality, is situated
Acanthobrama persidis (Coad 1981) -is, genitive singular of: the Greek persis, a province of Persia or Iran, now known as Far, where it is endemic
Acanthobrama telavivensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Tel Aviv, Israel, near type locality at Yarkon springs
Acanthobrama thisbeae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2014 named for Thisbe, who was in love with Pyramus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses; Pyramus is the ancient Greek and Latin name for the Ceyhan River, southern Anatolia, where this species is endemic
Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet 1883) tri-, three, referring to “remarkable” (translation) coloration of living specimens: reddish-brown above lateral line, pearly whitish-pink below, the fins a silvery yellow
Acanthobrama urmianus (Günther 1899) –anus, belonging to: Urmi River, Iran, one of the type localities
Achondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 a-, without; chondros, cartilage; stoma, mouth, referring to absence of horny plate on mouth as seen in Chondrostoma
Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) in honor of zoologist Laureano Pérez Arcas (1824-1894), University of Madrid, who shared specimens with Steindachner
Achondrostoma occidentale (Robalo, Almada, Sousa Santos, Moreira & Doadrio 2005) western, referring to Oeste (West in English), Portugal, where it is endemic
Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005) oligo-, few; lepis, scale, referring to larger and therefore fewer scales compared to A. arcasii
Achondrostoma salmantinum Doadrio & Elvira 2007 –inum, adjectival suffix: Salmantia, Roman name for Salamanca, Spanish city and province inhabited by this species
Alburnoides Jeitteles 1861 –oides, having the form of: Alburnus, referring to original placement of A. maculatus in that genus
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) bi-, two; punctatus, spotted, referring to each scale of anterior half of lateral line with a pair of black specks, each composed of minute dots
Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019 in honor of botanist Kamil Coşkunçelebi, Karadeniz Technical University (Turkey), a specialist in the flowering plants of Turkey and a “well-known” Turkish plant taxonomist
Alburnoides damghani Roudbar, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Coad & Bogutskaya 2016 of the Damghan River system at Cheshmeh Ali, Semnan Province, Iran, type locality
Alburnoides devolli Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 of Devoll River, upper Seman River drainage, Albania, type locality
Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2016 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Dicle, Turkish name for Tigris River, where it is known from two streams in the river’s upper drainage
Alburnoides economoui Barbieri, Vukić, Šanda & Zogaris 2017 in honor of Alcibiades N. Economou, for “significant” contributions to the biogeography and ecology of Greek fishes
Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863) in honor of geologist-zoologist Charles Edward von Eichwald (also known as Karl Eduard von Eichwald, 1795-1876), who had previously reported this species as a variety of Alburnus alburnus
Alburnoides emineae Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Emine Turan, “beloved” mother of first author
Alburnoides fangfangae Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 in memory of cyprinid taxonomist Fang Fang Kullander (1962-2010), Swedish Museum of Natural History
Alburnoides fasciatus (Nordmann 1840) banded, referring to double longitudinal dark black band
Alburnoides freyhofi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Jörg Freyhof (b. 1964), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (Berlin), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of the Middle East
Alburnoides gmelini Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Samuel Georg Gotlieb Gmelin (1744-1774), Russian naturalist who traveled through the River Don area and the Caucasus region and along the western and southern Caspian Sea coasts (1768-1774); he was captured by Usmey-Khan, held for ransom and died in captivity; the results of his expedition were published posthumously
Alburnoides holciki Coad & Bogutskaya 2012 in honor of the late Juraj Holcík (1934-2010), Bratislava, colleague and friend, for his many contributions to ichthyology
Alburnoides idignensis Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Idigna, Sumerian name for Tigris River, referring to distribution in Tigris River system of Iran
Alburnoides kosswigi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Curt Kosswig (1903-1982), the “father of ichthyology in Turkey” (where this cyprinid occurs)
Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964 –icus, belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Russia, type locality (also occurs in Laba River drainage)
Alburnoides kurui Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Turkey (where this cyprinid occurs) [not to be confused with Alburnus kurui]
Alburnoides maculatus (Kessler 1859) spotted, referring to scales on sides of body with black spots that also outline lateral line
Alburnoides manyasensis Turan, Ekmekçi, Kaya & Güçlü 2013 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Manyas basin, Turkey, where it is endemic
Alburnoides namaki Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 of Namak Lake basin, Iran, where it is endemic to a qanat (underground water channel)
Alburnoides nicolausi Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 named after the Latin male name Nicolaus, alluding to (but not specifically named for) sons of both authors, Nikolay (Bogutskaya’s eldest son) and Nicholas (Coad’s)
Alburnoides ohridanus (Karaman 1928) –anus, belonging to: Lake Ohrid, Macedonia and Albania, where it is endemic
Alburnoides petrubanarescui Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of the late Petru Bănărescu (1921-2009), Institute of Biology, Bucharest, “a great freshwater ichthyologist who contributed significantly to our knowledge of fishes of Eurasia”
Alburnoides prespensis (Karaman 1924) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality (also occurs in Albania and Greece)
Alburnoides qanati Coad & Bogutskaya 2009 of a qanat (an underground water channel), referring to habitat in which it was found, “now fast disappearing with the use of pump wells, and in recognition of the contribution to civilization made by the Iranian people through this innovative irrigation technique”
Alburnoides rossicus Berg 1924 Russian, referring to type localities in Dnieper and Volga rivers, Russia
Alburnoides samiii Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust & Doadrio 2015 in honor of Majid Samii (b. 1937), world-famous neurosurgeon and medical scientist, who was born in Rasht, Iran, capital city of Guilan Province, region where type locality (Sefidroud River) of this species is situated
Alburnoides smyrnae Pellegrin 1927 from a stream near Smyrna (now known as Izmir), Turkey, type locality
Alburnoides strymonicus Chichkoff 1940 –icus, belonging to: Struma (known as Strymon in ancient times) River basin, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece, where it is endemic
Alburnoides tabarestanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Anvarifar & Azizi 2015 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Tabarestan, historical name of Mazandaran Province, Iran, which includes the Tajan River, type locality
Alburnoides thessalicus Stephanidis 1950 -icus, belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated (also occurs in Macedonia and Bulgaria) [not to be confused with Alburnus thessalicus Stephanidis 1950]
Alburnoides turani Kaya 2020 in honor of ichthyologist Davut Turan, Kaya’s supervisor for 10 years, “for all his efforts with me and for his great contribution to the knowledge of the genus Alburnoides and fish fauna in Turkey”
Alburnoides tzanevi Chichkoff 1933 in honor of Panayot Tzanev, a former assistant at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who collected large ichthyological samples (but there is no direct indication he collected type)
Alburnoides varentsovi Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Petr Aleksandrovich Varentsov, who lived and traveled in the Transcaspian Province of the former Russian Empire, collected type in 1896, and wrote a book on the geography and natural history of the area in 1907
Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Hasan Basri Velioğlu, M.D., who “eased” and contributed to the authors’ earlier and present studies through the use of radiography
Alburnus Rafinesque 1820 proposed for European species but no species mentioned; type (Cyprinus alburnus) by absolute tautonymy
Alburnus adanensis Battalgazi 1944 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Adana, southern Turkey, near type locality at Seyhan River (probably extinct) [note: Battalgazi is same author as Battalgil; see next species]
Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942 in honor of Akil Muhtar Özden (1877-1949), professor of pharmacodynamics and clinical therapy at Istanbul University Medical School and internal medicine expert
Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) whitish, referring to silvery-white coloration
Alburnus alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for whitefish, from albus, white, referring to pale, silvery coloration; name also reflects British vernacular, bleak, a little-used synonym for pale
Alburnus alburnus charusini Herzenstein 1889 in honor of Alexei N. Charusin (also spelled Alexey N. Kharuzin, 1864-1932), Russian ethnographer, anthropologist and statesman, who collected type
Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) presumably a misspelling of alborella, Italian vernacular for this species
Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 named for Attalus I (269-197 BC), who ruled Pergamon, a Hellenistic polis in contemporary Turkey, where it is endemic
Alburnus baliki Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü 2000 in honor of Suleyman Balik, for contributions to the knowledge of fishes of West Anatolia and the Mediterranean region of Turkey
Alburnus belvica Karaman 1924 Macedonian vernacular for this species at Lake Prespa (type locality), meaning “white fish”
Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843 sky-blue, referring to color of horizontal stripe on side
Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019 named for the Carians, inhabitants of the ancient province of Caria in the southern Anatolian Aegean basin, where this species occurs [replacement name for A. kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018, which became a secondary homonym when Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya 1995 was moved to Alburnus; proposed in 2018 but redescribed the next year with validly designated holotype, so name dates to 2019]
Alburnus carinatus Battalgil 1941 keeled, referring to well-developed ventral keel
Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) –oides, having the form of: chalkos, copper, alluding to Greek vernacular, Harengus chalcois (copper herring), perhaps referring to copper sheen of head and opercular region of some specimens
Alburnus danubicus Antipa 1909 –icus, belonging to: Danube River Delta, described as a Danube variety of A. chalcoides
Alburnus demiri Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 in honor of Muzaffer Demir, for great contributions to the knowledge of Turkish benthic invertebrates and marine fishes
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 in honor of oceanographer Konstantin Mikhailovich Deryugin (1878-1938), who recognized this shemaya as a distinct form in 1899 but did not name it
Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 in honor of zoologist Giacoma Doria (1840-1913), president of the Italian Geographic Society, who led (or at least supported) expedition that collected type
Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897 in honor of entomologist Karl L. Escherich (1871-1951), who collected type
Alburnus filippii Kessler 1877 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Filippo de Filippi (1814-1867), presumably for his work on Central Asian fishes
Alburnus goekhani Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2018 in honor of Staff Col. Gökhan Peker, cousin of the first author, one of 13 Turkish soldiers who died when their helicopter hit high-voltage power lines and crashed in 2017
Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877 in honor of Swiss-German missionary and botanist Rudolph Hohenhacker (1798-1874), who collected part of the type series
Alburnus istanbulensis Battalgil 1941 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Istanbul, Turkey, near type locality at Kâathane (Kagithane) stream, Bosphorus River drainage
Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner 1863 in honor of botanist and explorer Theodor Kotschy (1813-1866), who collected type
Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) in honor of Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara, Turkey), who collected type [not to be confused with Alburnoides kurui]
Alburnus leobergi Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Lev (also Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876-1950), who first realized (1949) that there were different shemayas in the Black and Azov Sea basins
Alburnus macedonicus Karaman 1928 Macedonian, referring to type localities in Lake Dojran and Vardar River, Macedonia (also occurs in Greece)
Alburnus magnificus Freyhof & Turan 2019 named for its “magnificent” color in life (flank pattern of bold black, grey or brown scales on a silvery or brown background with orange or hyaline fins)
Alburnus mandrensis (Drensky 1943) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Mandras drainage, Black Sea basin, Bulgaria, type locality
Alburnus maximus (Fatio 1882) greatest or largest, referring to larger size compared to A. arborella
Alburnus mento (Heckel 1837) etymology not explained, probably mentus, chin, referring to lower jaw considerably projecting beyond upper
Alburnus mentoides Kessler 1859 –oides, having the form of, referring to “very close” (translation) similarity to A. mento
Alburnus neretvae Buj, Šanda & Perea 2010 of the the Neretva River drainage, where it is endemic
Alburnus nicaeensis Battalgil 1941 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Nicaea, ancient Greek name for what is now Iznik, Turkey, referring to Lake Iznik, where it is endemic (and feared extinct)
Alburnus oblongus (Bulgakov 1923) oblong, presumably referring to “elongated, somewhat slender” (translation) body
Alburnus orontis Sauvage 1882 latinization of Orontes, principal river in Syria, type locality
Alburnus qalilus Krupp 1992 Arabic word for few, referring to low number of lateral line scales and anal fin rays compared to congeners
Alburnus sarmaticus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus, belonging to: the Sarmatians, a group of tribes that inhabited southern Russia, Ukraine and eastern Balkans from 5th century BC to 4th century AD, referring to distribution in Rivers South Bug and Danube (Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine)
Alburnus sava Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Jelić, Diripasko & Naseka 2017 referring to the Sava River drainage, Black Sea basin, where it appears to be endemic
Alburnus schischkovi (Drensky 1943) in honor of Bulgarian biologist Georgi Chichkoff (also spelled Chichkov and Schischkov), who reported this cyprinid as unique in 1935 but assigned it to Chalcalnurnus chalcoides derjugini (=Alburnus derjugini) in 1935
Alburnus scoranza Heckel & Kner 1857 vernacular for this species in Lake Skadar (border of Montenegro and Albania), type locality [authorship sometimes attributed to Bonaparte 1845]
Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 vernacular for this species in Aleppo, Syria
Alburnus taeniatus Kessler 1874 banded, referring to wide, straight dark band running along sides above lateral line
Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt 1814) Georgian vernacular for this species (given in English as tarek)
Alburnus timarensis Kuru 1980 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Yumrutepe-Timar, Turkey, where Karasu River (only known area of occurrence) is situated
Alburnus thessalicus Stephanidis 1950 -icus, belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated [not to be confused with Alburnoides thessalicus Stephanidis 1950]
Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899) –anus, belonging to: Ula (town) on the Zola Chai (river), northwestern Iran, type locality
Alburnus vistonicus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus, belonging to: Lake Vistonis, Greece, only known area of occurrence
Alburnus volviticus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus, belonging to: Lake Volvi, Greece, only known area of occurrence
Anaecypris Collares-Pereira 1983 Anas, Latin name of Guadiana River, Spain, type locality of A. hispanica; cypris, a small carp, a common suffix for cyprinid genera
Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866) Hispanic, a term that originally denoted a relationship to Hispania (now Iberian Peninsula), referring to distribution in Spain and Portugal
Anaecypris punicus (Pellegrin 1920) Latin for Phoenician, referring to Carthage in North Africa, region in modern-day Tunisia where it is endemic
Aspiolucius Berg 1907 aspius, asp (see Aspius, below); lucius, pike, i.e., an Aspius-like cyprinid with a pike-like shape
Aspiolucius esocinus (Kessler 1874) pike-like, referring to elongate shape, similar to pikes (Esox, Esocidae)
Ballerus Heckel 1843 tautonymous with Cyprinus ballerus
Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of baleros, ancient Greek name for this species, first mentioned by Aristotle (Ronald Fricke, pers. comm.)
Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) latinization of Russian vernacular for this species, ssapà or ssopa
Blicca Heckel 1843 tautonymous with Cyprinus blicca Bloch 1782 (= B. bjoerkna), based on the German vernacular Blicke
Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of björkna, Swedish vernacular for this species
Capoetobrama Berg 1916 etymology not explained; apparently a combination of Capoeta (derived from kapwaeti, Armenian and Georgian name for female Capoeta capoeta packed with eggs), perhaps referring to reports of heavily gravid female Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi, and Acanthobrama (Leuciscinae), to which Berg believed this genus was closely related
Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872) in honor A. A. Kushakewitsch, traveler and explorer through Middle Asia, who collected type
Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi orientalis Nikolskii 1934 eastern, referring to distribution in Chu River, Kazakstan, in the eastern end of the Aral Sea basin
Chondrostoma Agassiz 1832 chondros, cartilage; stoma, mouth, referring to presumed content of horny layer on lower lip
Chondrostoma angorense Elvira 1987 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Angora (Ankara), capital of Turkey, country where it is endemic (name was coined by Franz Steindachner while labeling type specimens but never published)
Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya 1997 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Beysehir Lake, Turkey, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma ceyhanense Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Ceyhan River, Turkey, only known area of occurrence
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 –icus, belonging to: Colchis, ancient name for eastern coast of Black Sea in Georgia, type locality
Chondrostoma cyri Kessler 1877 of the Kura River (Cyrus in Latin), Georgia, type locality
Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad 2017 in honor of Hamid Reza Esmaeili, for “long and outstanding” contributions in biology and systematic studies of Iranian freshwater fishes
Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger 1896) in honor of Frederic Holmwood, British Consul-General at Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey), who collected type
Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp 1985 in honor of Ragnar Kinzelbach (b. 1941), who placed holotype at Krupp’s disposal, for his contributions to the knowledge of Middle East zoology
Chondrostoma knerii Heckel 1843 patronym not identified but certainly in honor of Heckel’s Vienna colleague, ichthyologist Rudolf Kner (1810-1869)
Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg 1914 –icum, belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Black Sea basin, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira 1987 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Büyük Menderes river basin, western Anatolia, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) nose, referring to its prominent snout (“rostro prominente”)
Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu 1982 eastern, being the easternmost member of the genus
Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877 oxys, sharp; rhynchus, snout, referring to slightly prominent snout
Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel 1843 referring to shape and scales similar to those of Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus
Chondrostoma prespense Karaman 1924 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lakes Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia and Albania)
Chondrostoma regium (Heckel 1843) royal, translation of Zurri, Arabic vernacular for this species in Mosul
Chondrostoma scodrense Elvira 1987 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Scodra, Latin name of Lake Scutari, border of Montenegro and Albania, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma smyrnae Küçük, Çiftci, Güçlü & Turan 2021 of Smyrna, historic name of city known today as Izmir, Turkey, where type locality (Tahtalı reservoir) is situated
Chondrostoma soetta Bonaparte 1840 presumably a latinization of savetta, Italian vernacular for this species
Chondrostoma toros Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 Turkish for Taurus, referring to the Central Taurus Mountains of Turkey, where it occurs
Chondrostoma turnai Güçlü, Küçük, Turan, Çiftçi & Mutlu 2018 in honor of İsmail İbrahim Turna (1957-2016), Suleyman Demirel University, for his “great contribution” to hydrobiology in Turkey
Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman 1928 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Vardar River, Macedonia, type locality (occurs throughout Aegean and Adriatic basins in Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and Albania)
Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev 1870 variable, referring to “inconsistency of species characteristics, which vary more or less highly” (translation), e.g., shape of pharyngeal bone, number of pharyngeal teeth, head and body shape, position of fins, coloration, and meristic counts
Delminichthys Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig 2006 Delminium, capital of pre-Roman Dalmatia, Croatia, where all species occur; ichthys, fish
Delminichthys adspersus (Heckel 1843) besprinkled, “densely studded with black dots” (translation)
Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) in honor of Croatian mayor and horticulturalist Francesco Ghetaldi-Gondola (1833-1899), who apparently facilitated the collection of type from an underground cave in Herzegovina
Delminichthys jadovensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Jadova River at Ploca, Croatia, type locality
Delminichthys krbavensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Krbava, Croatia, type locality
Egirdira Freyhof 2022 named for Lake Eğirdir basin, Turkey, where E. nigra is endemic
Egirdira nigra (Kosswig & Geldiay 1952) Latin for black, referring to color exhibited by males in breeding season [previously known as Pseudophoxinus egridiri (Karaman 1972)]
Iberochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 referring to Iberian Peninsula, where this genus, formerly recognized as Chondrostoma, is distributed
Iberochondrostoma almacai (Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005) in honor of Carlos Almaça (1934-2010), University of Lisbon, “for his long and outstanding contributions to the study of differentiation patterns and evolutionary processes of Euro-Mediterranean cyprinids”
Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified nor able to infer from available evidence (originally spelled leminingii by Steindachner, apparently in error)
Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum (Collares-Pereira 1980) –icus, belonging to: Lusitania, ancient name of Portugal, where it is endemic
Iberochondrostoma olisiponense (Gante, Santos & Alves 2007) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Oliispo, archaic name for Lisbon, Portugal, general vicinity where it occurs
Iberochondrostoma oretanum (Doadrio & Carmona 2003) –anum, adjectival suffix: referring to Oretania, area in south-central Spain formerly inhabited by the Oretano people, corresponding to its range
Ladigesocypris Karaman 1972 in honor of aquarist and ichthyologist Werner Ladiges (1910-1984), director, Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, who helped Karaman with the “linguistic structure” (translation) of his manuscript, and who described two of the three species of the genus; cypris, a small carp, a common suffix for cyprinid genera
Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari 1927) in honor of zoologist Alessandro Ghigi (1875-1970), who collected type
Ladigesocypris mermere (Ladiges 1960) referring to Mermere (Lake Marmara), Turkey, type locality
Leucalburnus Berg 1916 described as being intermediate between the genera Leuciscus and Alburnus
Leucalburnus satunini (Berg 1910) in honor of zoologist Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin (1853-1916), who collected type
Leucaspius Heckel & Kner 1858 combining pharyngeal teeth morphology of Leucos and lower jaw placement (entering depression of upper jaw) of Aspius
Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) de-, opposite of or removed; lineatus, lined, referring to seeming absence of lateral line (just 8-12 pored scales)
Leuciscus Cuvier 1816 tautonymous with Cyprinus leuciscus
Leuciscus aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of asp, derived from esp or esping, Swedish vernacular for this species, perhaps alluding to how its spectacular April spawning run coincides with the blooming of the asp tree, Populus tremula (Sven O. Kullander, pers. comm.) [sometimes placed in the genus Aspius, treated here as a synonym of Leuciscus]
Leuciscus aspius taeniatus (Eichwald 1831) banded, referring to several longitudinal black bands on sides
Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Baikal basin, Russia, where it is endemic
Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Béarn, French province that is home to Lake Mariscot, near Biarritz, type locality
Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925 in honor of Lev (also Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876-1950), an “eminent scientist in general, and ichthyologist in particular” (translation)
Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Burdigala, ancient name of Bordeaux, France, area of Gironde estuary, type locality
Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) –icus, belonging to: Chuanche (or Chuan Che, “Yellow”) River, Yangtze River drainage, Qinuhai Province, China, type locality
Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877) in honor of Nikolai Danilewski (also spelled Nikolay Danilevsky, 1822-1885), Russian naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher and historian, who collected two specimens in type series
Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998 –icus, belonging to: Dzungarian Gobi (Mongolia and China), where it occurs
Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of Swedish vernacular id, a reference to its bright color
Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 in honor of Russian biologist Alexander Lehmann, who led 1841-1842 expedition that collected type
Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) leukiskos, Greek word for chub, probably derived from leukos, white, referring to silvery sides
Leuciscus lindbergi Zanin & Eremejev 1934 in honor of ichthyologist Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg (1894-1976), Russian Academy of Sciences, who supervised the authors’ work
Leuciscus merzbacheri (Zugmayer 1912) in honor of German geographer, mountaineer and explorer Gottfried Merzbacher (1843-1926), who collected type
Leuciscus oxyrrhis (La Blanchère 1873) oxy, sharp; rhis, nose, referring to long snout, “jutting out in a sharp point in front of mouth” (translation)
Leuciscus schmidti (Herzenstein 1896) in honor of P. Schmidt (presumably Russian ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt [1872-1949]), who collected type
Leuciscus vorax (Heckel 1843) voracious, translation of Arabic name kaschschasck, referring to how it “consumes everything it finds” (translation) [sometimes placed in the genus Aspius, treated here as a synonym of Leuciscus]
Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) patronym not identified but likely in honor of Dybowski’s Polish colleague, zoologist Antoni Wałecki
Leucos Heckel 1843 leucos or leukos, white, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to silver-white body color of L. cisalpinus (=L. aula) and/or congeners in life, or perhaps an abridgement of Leuciscus or Leucosomus (=Notemigonus), both derived from leukiskos, Greek word for chub
Leucos albus (Marić 2010) white, referring to silver-white color in life
Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) etymology not explained, possibly a latinization of avola, Italian or Venetian vernacular for a bleak (Alburnus sp.) but perhaps historically applied to this species as well
Leucos basak (Heckel 1843) Croatian vernacular for this species
Leucos panosi (Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006) in honor of Greek ichthyologist Panos Economidis, who recognized this species as an undescribed taxon in 1991
Leucos ylikiensis (Economidis 1991) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Yliki, Greece, type locality
Mirogrex Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 mirus, wonderful; grex, flock or shoal, referring to a “miraculous draught” of fishes (one of two miracles attributed to Jesus), which may have been M. terraesanctae or Sarotherodon galilaeus (Cichlidae)
Mirogrex hulensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Huleh, Israel (now extinct due to deliberate draining of lake in the 1950s)
Mirogrex terraesanctae (Steinitz 1952) of the Holy Land (terra, land; sancta, holy), referring to distribution in Lake Tiberias (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, where it is endemic
Notemigonus Rafinesque 1819 notos, back; [h]emi-, half; gonia, angle, referring to obtusely angled, or carinated, back, from which it differs from the superficially similar herring genus Clupea
Notemigonus crysoleucas crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) chrysos, golden, referring to color of eyes and gill cover and “tinge of the same along the belly”; leucos, white, referring to “shining white scales”
Notemigonus crysoleucas auratus Rafinesque 1819 gilded, referring to silver and golden sheen
Pachychilon Steindachner 1882 pachys, thick; cheilos, lip, referring to thick lips, the lower extending across the symphysis as a distinctly continuous fold
Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892) Macedonian, referring to distribution in Macedonia (and Greece)
Pachychilon pictum (Heckel & Kner 1858) painted, probably referring to numerous dark brown marks of various shapes and sizes on body
Parachondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 para-, near, referring similarity to Chondrostoma
Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) –is, genitive singular of: Steindachner’s “dear friend” Prof. Arrigo of Valencia (forename not given), who died of cholera in 1865 in the “prime of his years and work” (translation)
Parachondrostoma miegii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified, possibly in honor of Swiss-Spanish naturalist Juan Mieg (1779-1859)
Parachondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837) toxo-, bow; stoma, mouth, referring to curved, or crescent-shaped, mouth
Parachondrostoma turiense (Elvira 1987) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Turia River, Chulilla, Valencia, Spain, type locality
Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof 2007 based on the Pelasgians, groups of people who inhabited lands around Aegean Sea before arrival of Indo-European and proto-Greek-speaking invaders during the 2nd millennium BC, referring to distribution in Balkan Peninsula
Pelasgus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895) –icus, belonging to: Epirus, historical and geographical region straddling Greece and Albania (described from Albania but presently known only from Lake Pamvotis, Epirus, Greece)
Pelasgus laconicus (Kottelat & Barbieri 2004) –icus, belonging to: Lakonias District, Greece, type locality
Pelasgus marathonicus (Vinciguerra 1921) –icus, belonging to: Marathon, Greece, type locality
Pelasgus minutus (Karaman 1924) small, referring to smaller scales compared to other members of Pseudophoxinus (genus in which it was described) and/or small size (up to 53 mm SL), the latter of which may have caused Steindachner to overlook its distinctiveness in an earlier collection
Pelasgus prespensis (Karaman 1924) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality (also occurs in Albania and Greece)
Pelasgus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844) –icus, belonging to: Lake Zaraco, Greece, type locality, where a mythological man-eating bird, stymphalis, was slain by Hercules
Pelasgus thesproticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus, belonging to: Thesprotia District, Greece, type locality (also occurs in Albania)
Pelecus Agassiz 1835 etymology not explained, probably from pelekys, axe, referring to knife-like shape
Pelecus cultratus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758) knife-shaped, referring to knife- or razor-like shape
Pelecus cultratus kurensis Smirnov 1943 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Kura River basin, Caspian Sea drainage, where it is endemic
Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya 2002 latinization of Petr, forename of “famous freshwater ichthyologist” Petru Bănărescu (1921-2009) and of Bogutskaya’s son, Petr Naseka; Leuciscus, being leuciscine cyprinids previously placed in that genus
Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) of Aphips River above Krepostnaya, Kuban Basin, Russia, type locality
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) –icus, belonging to: Borysthenes, name from classical antiquity usually referring to the Dnieper River, type locality
Petroleuciscus ninae Turan, Kalayci, Kaya, Bektaş & Küçük 2018 in honor of ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), Russian Academy of Sciences, for her contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia
Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger 1896) –eus, adjectival suffix: Smyrna (now Izmir), Turkey, type locality (also occurs in Greece)
Petroleuciscus squaliusculus (Kessler 1872) diminutive of Squalius (genus in which it was described) or squalus, probably referring to small size (95-130 mm) compared to S. squalus (up to 600 mm)
Phoxinellus Heckel 1843 diminutive of Phoxinus, referring to similarity of size and shape of P. alepidotus to the common Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus of Europe
Phoxinellus alepidotus Heckel 1843 a-, not; lepidotus, scaly, referring to scaleless body except for lateral line
Phoxinellus dalmaticus Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2000 –icus, belonging to: Dalmatia, region in southern Croatia where it is endemic
Phoxinellus pseudalepidotus Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003 pseudo-, false, i.e., although similar to P. alepidotus in body shape and scalelessness (except for lateral line), such an appearance is false
Protochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 protos, first, referring to basal position of this genus among group of genera that formerly comprised Chondrostoma
Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) in honor of Giuseppe Géné (1800-1847), zoology professor and director of the Royal Zoological Museum at Turin
Pseudochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 pseudo-, false, i.e., although this genus is similar to Chondrostoma (as a “consequence of homoplasy in multiple traits”), such an appearance is false
Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho 1985) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Douro River basin, Portugal, type locality (also occurs in Tambre River basin)
Pseudochondrostoma polylepis (Steindachner 1864) poly, many; lepis, scale, presumably referring to 69-74 scales along lateral line, more than Chondrostoma nasus, with which, Steindachner later noted, this species had been confused
Pseudochondrostoma willkommii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified but probably in honor of German botanist Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895), who studied the flora of Spain and Portugal, where it occurs
Pseudophoxinus Bleeker 1860 pseudo-, false, presumably referring to similarity of P. zeregi to the common Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus of Europe
Pseudophoxinus alii Küçük 2007 in honor of Ali, Küçük’s father
Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó 1925) Anatolian, geographic and historical term denoting westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising most of the Republic of Turkey, where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus antalyae Bogutskaya 1992 of Antalya, Turkey, town near type locality in Stream Kirkgöz
Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya 1997 in honor of Fahire Battalgil (later Battalgazi, 1902-1948), “who contributed considerably to the knowledge of Turkish freshwater fishes”
Pseudophoxinus burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan 2013 –icus, belonging to: Burdur Province, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus caralis (Battalgil 1942) etymology not explained, perhaps latinization of karali, Turkish for “painted with black,” referring to dark streaks along sides
Pseudophoxinus cilicicus Saç, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2019 –icus, belonging to: Roman province of Cilicia, which encompassed lower reaches of Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers, Turkey, where this minnow occurs
Pseudophoxinus crassus (Ladiges 1960) thick or fat, presumably referring to much stouter body compared to P. meandricus
Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin 1933) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Jabal al-Druze, an autonomous state in the French Mandate of Syria from 1921 to 1936, where Al-Mazra’a, type locality, is situated (also occurs in Israel)
Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of physician Elizaveta Bogutskaya (b. 1981), the senior author’s daughter
Pseudophoxinus evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Evliya Çelebi (1611-1683), the “most famous Ottoman traveler,” whose travel notes were published in the 10-volume Seyahatname (Book of Travels)
Pseudophoxinus fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahrettin Küçük, Süleyman Demirel University, for his contribution to the knowledge of Central Anatolian fishes
Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 of Firat Nehri (Turkish name for Euphrates River), referring to distribution in Euphrates River drainage
Pseudophoxinus handlirschi (Pietschmann 1933) in honor of Pietschmann’s Vienna colleague, entomologist Anton Handlirsch (1865-1935)
Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp 1992 of Nab’ Hasan, source of Nahr Marqiya, where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 –orum, commemorative suffix, plural: named for the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian culture (~1750-1180 BC), referring to a 13th-century Hittite monument built at Eflatun Pinar, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus iconii Küçük, Gülle & Güçlü 2016 of Iconium, ancient name of Konya Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey, where this species occurs
Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin 1911) in honor of biologist, archaeologist and photographer Henri Gadeau de Kerville (1858-1940), who collected holotype
Pseudophoxinus libani (Lortet 1883) of Liban (Lebanon), where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus maeandri (Ladiges 1960) of Menderes River headwaters, near Isikli, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus maeandricus (Ladiges 1960) –icus, belonging to: Menderes River, near Isikli, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus mehmeti Ekmekçi, Atalay, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Turan & Küçük 2015 in honor of hydrological engineer Mehmet Ekmekçi, for contributions to studies in hydrological description and characterization and interpretations of drainage networks and watersheds, plus his full support as the husband of the first author
Pseudophoxinus ninae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), Russian Academy of Sciences, author of “important” papers on Anatolian Pseudophoxinus and other leuciscins
Pseudophoxinus syriacus (Lortet 1883) Syrian, referring to country where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus turani Küçük & Güçlü 2014 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Davut Turan, for his contributions to our knowledge of the fishes of Anatolia
Pseudophoxinus zekayi Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of Zekay Atalay (relationship to third author not explained)
Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel 1843) Syrian vernacular for this species
Rutilus Rafinesque 1820 tautonymous with Cyprinus rutilus
Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin 1937 referring to Atropatena, ancient Greek name for a region of southern Azerbaijan, where it occurs
Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870) Caspian, referring to distribution in Caspian Sea basin
Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) in honor of Scandinavian biologist Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799-1839), whose multi-volume work on Scandinavian fishes (authored with C. U. Ekström) is cited in Nordmann’s description of this species
Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) in honor of Nordmann’s friend, Johann Jakob Heckel (1790-1857), curator of fishes, Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, for advice and assistance
Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901) Russian vernacular for this species
Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) lacustrine (belonging to a lake), referring to its occurrence in the lakes (and rivers) of Siberia and described as especially abundant in Lake Baikal
Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel 1851) in honor of Carl von Meidinger (1750-1820), Austrian nobleman who illustrated this species under the name Cyprinus grislagine (=Leuciscus leuciscus) circa 1794
Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803) latinization of pigo or picho, Italian name for this species, dating to at least Salviani’s Aquatilium animalium (1554); Gessner (1560) says name derives the name from the German picken (pick) or pieken (poke), referring to sharp, pointed tubercles on males during spawning season
Rutilus rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) ruddy, referring to general color of fins
Rutilus rutilus mariza Drensky 1926 referring to Mariza River, Bulgaria, type locality
Rutilus sojuchbulagi Abdurakhmanov 1950 of Sojuch-Bulag, a tributary of the Kura River, Azerbaijan, type locality
Rutilus stoumboudae Bianco & Ketmaier 2014 in honor of ichthyologist, colleague and friend, Maria Stoumboudi, for her research on the ecology and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Greece
Rutilus virgo (Heckel 1852) maiden, probably referring to German vernacular, Fraufisch (womanfish)
Sarmarutilus Bianco & Ketmaier 2014 sarma, referring to Sarma Sea, an ancient European freshwater sea, where S. rubilio probably had its evolutionary roots; Rutilus, referring to previous placement in that genus
Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) presumably a diminutive of rubella, referring to similarity of head shape and head proportion to Leuciscus rubella (now considered conspecific)
Scardinius Bonaparte 1837 probably latinization of scardafa, Roman and Italian vernacular for rudd
Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991 –icus, belonging to: Acarnania, region of west-central Greece that encompasses Acheleoos River basin, type locality
Scardinius dergle Heckel & Kner 1858 vernacular for this species in Dalmatia (southern Croatia)
Scardinius elmaliensis Bogutskaya 1997 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Elmali, in Vilayet Antalya, southern Turkey, type locality
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) erythros, red; opthalmus, eye, referring to red fleck on iris
Scardinius graecus Stephanidis 1937 Greek, referring to its country of origin
Scardinius hesperidicus Bonaparte 1845 –icus, belonging to: the Hesperides, nymphs in Greek mythology who tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, perhaps referring to type locality in the lakes of Piedmont in the far western corner of Italy (also occurs in Slovenia and Switzerland)
Scardinius knezevici Bianco & Kottelat 2005 in honor of the late Borivoj Knezevic (1948-1988), who dedicated his life to the study and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Montenegro
Scardinius plotizza Heckel & Kner 1858 local vernacular for this species, and perhaps for all species of “Weissfische” (whitefish) in Croatia and/or Bosnia-Herzegovina
Scardinius racovitzai Müller 1958 in memory of Romanian biospeologist Emil G. Racovitza (1868-1947) on the tenth anniversary of his death
Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) Roman and Italian vernacular for rudd
Squalius Bonaparte 1837 proposed as a subgenus of Leuciscus, presumably named for type species, L. (now Squalius) squalus, with an “i” added to avoid homonymy with the shark genus Squalus (in classical Latin, “squalus” refers to both a shark or dogfish and a chub); in addition, name could also be a latinization of squaglio, the vernacular name of S. squalus in Rome and surrounding areas (Holger Funk, pers. comm.)
Squalius adanaensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, suffix denoting place: city and eponymous province of Adana, Turkey, type locality
Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901 –icus, pertaining to: near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan, type locality
Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) –oides, having the form of: Alburnus, referring to similarity of elongate body shape, narrow upward-facing mouth, and strongly notched teeth
Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997) Anatolian, deriving from old name of Asia Minor: Anatolia
Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Arade River, Silves, Arade basin, Portugal, type locality
Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 named for Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher who lived from 348-245 BC in Assos, Turkey, type locality
Squalius berak Heckel 1843 Syrian vernacular for this species
Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 –icus, belonging to: Cappadocia, region in Central Anatolia where it occurs
Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 nut-brown, referring to dark brown color in life
Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988) latinization of Carlos III, in honor of the Spanish King who founded in 1777 the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (where Doadrio and type are located)
Squalius castellanus Doadrio, Perea & Alonso 2007 –anus, belonging to: Castille, Spanish region where it occurs
Squalius cephaloides (Battagil 1942) –oides, having the form of: referring to similarity to S. cephalus
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) head, referring to its large, broad head, a name that dates back to capito of Ausonius (ca. 310-ca. 395)
Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) of Cius, ancient name of Gemelik River, northwestern Turkey, type locality (also occurs in Greece)
Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868) in honor of archaeologist Charles Fellowes (1799-1860), who presented type to the British Museum (Natural History)
Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1858 –icus, belonging to: Illyria, ancient name for western part of Balkan Peninsula, referring to type locality in Dalmatia, Croatia
Squalius irideus (Ladiges 1960) rainbow-like, referring to coloration in life, with reddish-golden sides, iridescent purple on shoulder, and silver belly
Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971) –icus, belonging to: Keadas (or Kaiadas), a chasm or precipice tributary to the Evrotas River (type locality), where ancient Spartans threw disabled and deformed babies to die
Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972) in honor of Turkish zoologist and geneticist Curt Kosswig (1903-1982), who collected type
Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya 2009 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for his contributions to knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia
Squalius laietanus Doadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa 2007 –anus, belonging to: the Laietani, a Bronze-Age tribe inhabiting an area partly corresponding to present-day Catalonia, Spain, where it occurs (also occurs in France)
Squalius latus Keyserling 1861 wide or broad, possibly referring to “broad, flat face” (translation)
Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843 elegant, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its reddish fins
Squalius lucumonis (Bianco 1983) latinization of Lucumone, a person of authority to the ancient Etruscians, the type locality being the former Etruscan region of Italy
Squalius malacitanus Doadrio & Carmona 2006 –anus, belonging to: province of Málaga (Malaca in Latin), Spain, where it occurs
Squalius microlepis Heckel 1843 micro-, small; lepis, scale, referring to small scales, 74 along lateral line
Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971) –icus, belonging to: Morea, ancient name of Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece, general area of type locality, Stymphalis Lake, Peloponnesus
Squalius namak Khaefi, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Geiger & Freyhof 2016 named for the Namak Lake basin, one of two basins in Iran where it occurs (the other is the Kavir basin)
Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) eastern, referring to type locality east of Europe (Abkhazia)
Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis 2006 Orpheus, legendary Thracian musician and poet, son of Thracian river-god Oiagros and the Muse Calliopte (also spelled Calliope), referring to occurrence in Thrace, Greece
Squalius palaciosi (Doadrio 1980) in honor of Fernando Palacios Arribas, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Marid, Spain), for his “tireless” (translation) research of Spanish vertebrates [sometimes placed in Iberocypris, treated here as a synonym of Squalius]
Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus, belonging to: Lake Pamvotis, central Greece, type locality
Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Peloponnese, Greece, where it is endemic
Squalius platyceps Zupančič, Marić, Naseka & Bogutskaya 2010 platys, broad or wide; ceps, head, referring to wide head (52-59% of head length)
Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia, Albania), where it is endemic
Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925) –ensis, suffix denoting place: probably from Pursaklar, Ankara Province, Central Anatolia region of Turkey, where it appears to be endemic
Squalius pyrenaicus (Günther 1868) –icus, belonging to: the Pyrenees, mountain range separating Iberian Peninsula from rest of continental Europe, presumably referring to distribution in Portugal (also occurs in Spain)
Squalius recurvirostris Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 recurvus, curved upwards; rostris, snout, referring to upturned snout in large individuals
Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983) in honor of naturalist Sandro Ruffo (1915-2010), former Director of Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona
Squalius semae Turan, Kottelat & Bayçelebia 2017 in honor of Sema Turan, “beloved” wife of first author
Squalius seyhanensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Seyhan River drainage, Turkey, where it is endemic
Squalius spurius Heckel 1843 false, probably referring to close similarity to S. cephalopsis (=Leuciscus cephalus)
Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) ancient name for this species, dating back to at least the Roman scholar Varro (116 BC-27 BC)
Squalius svallize Heckel & Kner 1858 Croatian vernacular for this species
Squalius tenellus Heckel 1843 delicate, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to small scales, 80 along lateral line
Squalius torgalensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Torgal River, Mira basin, Portugal, type locality
Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865 Turkish, referring to country to where it is endemic
Squalius valentinus Doadrio & Carmona 2006 –inus, adjectival suffix: Roman name of Valencia, Spanish region where it occurs
Squalius vardarensis Karaman 1928 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Vardar River drainage (Macedonia), type locality (also occurs in Greece)
Squalius zrmanjae Karaman 1928 of Zrmanja River, Croatia, type locality
Telestes Bonaparte 1837 etymology not explained, perhaps from telestes, official, priest, initiator or initiated person (if so, allusion not evident); Jordan (1877) reports word means “perfect” (derived from teleos), but we see nothing in Bonaparte’s text to support that definition (Telestes is also a murdered king of ancient Corinth [748 BC] and a poet of 5th-century Greece)
Telestes alfiensis (Stephanidis 1971) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Alfios River drainage, Peloponnesus, type locality (also occurs in Pinios and Vergas drainages)
Telestes beoticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus, belonging to: Boeotia, Greece, where Lake Yliki (type locality) is situated
Telestes comes (Costa 1838) companion, referring to how it almost always occurs with (or accompanies) Cyprinus dobula (= Leuciscus leuciscus)
Telestes croaticus (Steindachner 1866) Croatian, referring to country where it is endemic
Telestes dabar Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 referring to Dabarsko, or Dabar Polje, Bosnia-Herzegovina, type locality
Telestes fontinalis (Karaman 1972) living in or near springs, referring to spring habitat (also occurs in clearwater streams and enters subterranean waters during winter and droughts)
Telestes karsticus Marčić & Mrakovčić 2011 karstic, referring to karst region in Croatia, where it is endemic
Telestes metohiensis (Steindachner 1901) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Metohia, Dalmatia, Yugoslavia (now Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina), type locality
Telestes miloradi Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 in honor of Croatian zoologist Milorad Mrakovčić (b. 1949), University of Zagreb, for his many contributions to the study of freshwater fishes in the Adriatic basin
Telestes montenigrinus (Vukovic 1963) –inus, pertaining to: Montenegro, where Drina River, Moraca, type locality, is situated (also occurs in Albania)
Telestes muticellus (Bonaparte 1837) etymology not explained, probably latinization of muticello, Tuscan vernacular for this species in Italy
Telestes pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939) pleuro-, side; bi-, two; punctatus, spotted, referring to a “double melanic or melanophore dotted line” (translation) along the sides
Telestes polylepis Steindachner 1866 poly, many; lepis, scale, referring to “small, extremely delicate scales” (translation), 68-71 along lateral line
Telestes savigny Bonaparte 1840 based on a manuscript or museum name (spelled savignii) coined by Valenciennes, in honor of French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny (1777-1851), who collected type (spelled savignyi on accompanying plate)
Telestes souffia (Risso 1827) derived from soufie and soufia, vernaculars for this species in France
Telestes turskyi (Heckel 1843) in honor of Gen. Ritter von Tursky (1778-1856), governor of Dalmatia, whose support allowed Heckel to study the little-known fishes of present-day Croatia
Telestes ukliva (Heckel 1843) presumably Croatian vernacular for this species
Tropidophoxinellus Stephanidis 1974 “very close” to Phoxinellus but tropidos, keeled, referring to scaleless keel between ventral fins and vent
Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -ensis, suffix denoting place: La Calle, Algeria, type locality
Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904) in honor of the viscount Henri de Chaignon (1833-1917), vice president, Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Autun, who collected type
Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971)Hellenic (i.e., Greek), referring to the only country where it occurs
Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus (Schmidt-Ries 1943) Spartan, referring to Sparta, prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on banks of the River Eurotas (also spelled Evrotas), referring to distribution in present-day Peloponnese
Turcichondrostoma Turan, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021 Turcia, Turkey, referring to country where T. fahirae is endemic, i.e., a Turkish Chondrostoma (previous genus)
Turcichondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges 1960) in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahire Battalgazi (formerly Battalgil, 1902-1948), under whose research program type was collected
Vimba Fitzinger 1873 tautonymous with Cyprinus vimba
Vimba melanops (Heckel 1837) melanos, black; ops, appearance, presumably referring to overall dark coloration
Vimba mirabilis (Ladiges 1960) striking or remarkable, referring to distribution in western Anatolia, far from normal distribution of Acanthobrama (e.g., eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine), genus it which it had initially been described
Vimba persa (Pallas 1814) Persia, referring to distribution in Iran (southern Caspian Sea drainage)
Vimba tenella (Nordmann 1840) delicate, referring to small size (“barely reaching five inches,” the smallest Abramis [original genus] Nordmann knew of), and/or its small, thin scales [often misspelled tenellus]
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) likely derived from its Swedish vernacular, vimma
Subfamily PHOXININAE Eurasian Minnows
1 genus · 24 species/subspecies
Phoxinus Rafinesque 1820 phoxinos, Greek for minnow, perhaps derived from phoxos, pointed or tapered (proposed for European species but no species mentioned; type [Cyprinus phoxinus] by absolute tautonymy
Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat 2007 name of Gaul tribe that inhabited area more or less corresponding with Adour drainage (France), type locality (also occurs in Spain)
Phoxinus brachyurus brachyurus Berg 1912 brachys, short; oura, tailed, presumably referring to short, compressed caudal peduncle
Phoxinus brachyurus tschuensis Pivnev 1985 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Chu River, Kyrgyzstan, where it appears to be endemic
Phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 –icus, belonging to: Colchis, ancient name for eastern coast of Black Sea in Georgia, type locality (also occurs in Russia)
Phoxinus csikii Hankó 1922 in honor of entomologist Ernst Csiki (1875-1954), director of the Hungarian National (now Natural History) Museum (Budapest), who collected type (now lost, probably due to a 1956 museum fire)
Phoxinus dragarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 –arum, genitive suffix, plural: dragas, fairies in Occitan folklore, and companions of the Drac, a kind of dragon living in streams of the Garonne River basin of France, where this minnow occurs
Phoxinus fayollarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 –arum, genitive suffix, plural: fayolles, fairies in regional Auvergne (France) folklore, who live along the headwaters of the Loire drainage (where this minnow is common) and create springs, including the thermal springs of Vichy, France
Phoxinus grumi Berg 1907 in honor of lepidopterist Grigory Grumm-Grzhimaylo (1860-1936), who led Chinese expedition that collected type
Phoxinus issykkulensis issykkulensis Berg 1912 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, type locality
Phoxinus issykkulensis relictus Turdakov & Piskarev 1954 a relict form of P. issykkulensis from Upper Chu River, Kyrgyzstan (possibly extinct)
Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015 karstic, referring to the Karstic Popovo Polje-Trebinje endorheic river system of Bosnia-Herzegovina, where it appears to be endemic
Phoxinus krkae Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar 2019 of the Krka River (Adriatic Basin), Croatia, type locality
Phoxinus kuldschiensis Warpachowski 1887 –ensis, suffix denoting place: probably referring to Kuldja River at Kazakhstan-China border, near type locality at Lake Balkhash
Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840) etymology unknown; name dates to an unpublished ms. by Bonnelle, recorded in 1835 by Agassiz without description
Phoxinus marsilii Heckel 1836 in honor of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658-1730, sometimes spelled Marsili), Italian solider and naturalist, who published an illustration of this minnow in 1726
Phoxinus oxyrhynchus (Mori 1930) oxy, sharp; rhynchus, snout, referring to long, much-produced snout, with a “pointed fleshy cone” that projects beyond lower lip
Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) phoxinos, Greek for minnow, perhaps derived from phoxos, pointed or tapered
Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879 in honor of Siberian explorer and conservator Ivan Semonovich Poljakow (1845-1887), who collected type
Phoxinus septimaniae Kottelat 2007 of Septimania, a region of the Roman province Galia Narbonensis more or less corresponding with present-day Languedoc-Roussillon (France), where it is distributed
Phoxinus strandjae Drensky 1926 of Strandscha mountain range, Bulgaria, type locality (also occurs in Turkey)
Phoxinus strymonicus Kottelat 2007 –icus, belonging to: Strymon, river in Macedonia, Greece, type locality
Phoxinus tchangi Chen 1988 in honor of Tchunlin (or Tchung-Lin) Tchang (1897-1963), Beijing Normal University, for his achievements in ichthyology
Phoxinus tumensis Luo 1996 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Tumen River, border between Jilin Province in Manchuria and North Hamgyong and Yanggang provinces in North Korea, type locality
Phoxinus ujmonensis Kaschenko 1899 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Uimon village, Siberia, Russia, near type locality in Katun River, Ob River basin
