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GNU Bash Reference Manual

Reference Documentation for Bash

Edition 2.5b, for Bash Version 2.05b.

July 2002

Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation

This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the Bash shell.

This is Edition 2.5b, last updated 15 July 2002, of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, for Bash, Version 2.05b.

Copyright (C) 1991-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.

Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell ('sh'), the Korn Shell ('ksh'), and the C-shell ('csh' and its successor, 'tcsh'). The following menu breaks the features up into categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the feature.

This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference on shell behavior.